Malaria

Malaria is a communicable disease caused by a tiny protozoan parasite (called Plasmodium) that is spread to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

• How it spreads: A mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person who already has malaria. Later, when it bites another person, it can pass the parasite into the blood.
• What happens inside the body: The parasite first multiplies in the liver and then infects red blood cells. When many infected blood cells burst together, it can cause fever attacks.
• Typical signs: High fever with chills and then sweating is common. The fever may come in cycles (for example, every 2–3 days) depending on the type of parasite.
• Why it can be serious: If not treated on time, malaria can lead to severe weakness and anaemia (low red blood cells), and in some cases it can affect the brain and other organs.
• Prevention idea to remember: Stopping mosquito breeding is as important as avoiding bites—do not allow stagnant water to collect in coolers, pots, tyres, or drains, because that’s where mosquitoes lay eggs.
• Helpful nuance: Malaria does not spread by touching, sharing food, or coughing; it mainly spreads through the bite of an infected mosquito (a vector).

With mosquito control and early medical treatment, malaria is largely preventable and curable.